![]() ![]() The proportion of adolescents using stimulant medication decreased through adolescence, from close to 60% at the 2- and 3-year assessments to 7.2% on average in early adulthood. Stimulant treatment for ADHD was measured prospectively from baseline for 16 years, for a total of 10 assessments, first using parent report, and then young adult report. Children ages 7 to 9 with DSM-IV combined-type ADHD were repeatedly assessed until a mean age of 25 years. ![]() Participants were mostly male (80%) and white (61%). In total, the researchers included 579 children (mean age at baseline 8.5). Participants were enrolled from 1994 through 1996. It was initially designed to be a 14-month randomized clinical trial of medication and behavior therapy for ADHD, but the study eventually transitioned into a longitudinal observational study. MTA was conducted at six sites in the U.S. "For example, just age alone is associated with decreased use of prescribed stimulant medication and increased substance use over time, which can make them correlated for reasons besides one causing the other." ![]() "Because this study took into account the many reasons that medication and substance use may seem connected, it extended the literature base in an important way," she added. "Parents and providers can be reassured that we found no evidence of increased risk of substance use or substance use disorder when children are prescribed stimulant medications for ADHD," Molina told MedPage Today. Similar results were also observed for substance use disorder. Models adjusting for confounding by demographic, clinical, and familial factors also showed no evidence that more years of stimulant treatment ( B range -0.003 to 0.04) or continuous, uninterrupted stimulant treatment ( B range -0.25 to -0.03) were associated with later substance use, including heavy drinking, marijuana use, and daily cigarette smoking, among other substance uses, they noted in JAMA Psychiatry. ![]()
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